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In modern CNC systems, the design of a mechanical part and its manufacturing program is highly automated. The part's mechanical dimensions are defined using computer-aided design (CAD) software, and then translated into manufacturing directives by computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) software. The resulting directives are transformed (by "post processor" software) into the specific commands necessary for a particular machine to produce the component, and then loaded into the CNC machine.
Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages
1. It can produce jobs with highest accuracy and precision than any other manual machine.
2. It can be run for 24 hours of a day.
3. The parts produced by it have same accuracy. There is no variation in the parts manufactured by a CNC machine.
4. Highly skilled operator is not required to operate a CNC machine. A semi-skilled operator can also operate accurately and more precisely.
5. Operators can easily make changes and improvements and reduces the delay time.
6. It has the capability to produce complex design with high accuracy in min. possible time.
7. The modern design software, allows the designer to simulate the manufacturer of his/her idea. And this removes the need of making a prototype or model and saves time and money.
8. Fewer workers are required to operate a CNC machine and saves labour cost.
Disadvantages
Despite of having so many advantages, a CNC machine has some disadvantages too. And these are:
1. The cost of the CNC machine is very high as compared with manually operated machine.
2. The parts of CNC machines are expensive.
3. The maintenance cost in the case of CNC is quite high.
4. It does not eliminate the need of costly tools.
